PRODUCT INFORMATION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PRODUCT INFORMATION - Assignment Example The products were then shipped to other parts of the world like France in the 1970s and orange juice wars with other rivals like in Coca Cola began in the 1980s. In subsequent years, the product’s packaging and marketing strategies have changed but the taste and content have remained relatively the same. In 1949, the product was simply freshly squeezed orange juice but in 1954, it became a chilled product made using flash pasteurization. In 1983, packaging was reduced to a smaller quantity but the prices remained the same; this mirrored developments in earlier periods (1964) when the organization created its own bottles and sold the product in such containers (Pania et al 3). The product maintained similar tastes until 2006 when it was diluted to become less thick and less calorie-rich. In 2009, its packaging was altered to a generic form but 3 months later, the company went back to its original packaging as customers complained; now it is found in plastic bottles. Tropicana original orange juice won the IPA Effectiveness Awards 2006, Silver because of its campaign advertisement conducted in the United Kingdom (â€Å"IPA effectiveness awards 2006†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The brand also boasts about getting Carbon Trust product footprint certification in 2007 because of determining the environmental" impact or ecological footprint of its production process. It is also a recipient of the Beverage Innovation Awards in 2009 by an organization of the same name because of the sustainability initiatives in production and rainforest consumer awareness programs (â€Å"2013 Annual report† 102). The brand currently boasts of market share leadership in the orange juice market as it accounts for 28% of all juices sold in the US. A drop had been recorded in 2009 when the company made a repackaging blunder, but its shares recovered thereafter. Currently, the next most competitive brand is Simply Orange by Coca Cola, which accounts for 14% of the

The Lebanon Crises (1958) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Lebanon Crises (1958) - Term Paper Example In Lebanon, the big problem was the fragile nature of the social and political structure of the country. Lebanon was a multi-confessional state with Christians and Muslims sharing power. The new Government appointed by President Chamoun in 1956 seemed to tilt more towards the West. On January 5, 1957, President Eisenhower appeared before Congress to announce a new US policy for the Middle East. He asked Congress to pass a resolution authorizing economic assistance and the use of US forces to prevent a Communist takeover in the Middle East (Meo 132-144). Lebanon was the only Arab country to announce publicly its support for the doctrine. The decision by President Chamoun to endorse the new US policy, and accept aid under the terms of the Middle East Resolution, caused a major foreign policy rift between the Government and the opposition in Lebanon and led to the formation of the united National Front, an opposition grouping composed of Muslims and Christians (Meo 132-144) This rift coincided with Chamoun's plans to amend the electoral law before the elections in June 1957. The passage of the new law increased the number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and had a direct impact on the outcome of the elections, outside influences also affected the outcome. The United States provided covert funds for pro-Government candidates, while Egypt and Syria supported and funded the opposition (Eveland 248-250). Since assuming the Presidency, Camille Chamoun had made a determined effort to destroy the power of the feudal landowners who formed the backbone of the Lebanese political system.

Resistance of a wire coursework Essay Example for Free

Resistance of a wire coursework Essay Then we measured the first measurement of resistance at 100a c, increasing the temperature too over 300a c. Taking s measurement at every 10a c. At one point in the investigation the heat started to melt the plastic coating around the wires, we quickly noticed this was a problem so we attached the wire to a clamp, this was to stop the bare wire touching the metal sand tray, as this would cause the resistance in the metal of the tray to be measured as well, this would cause the ammeter to short circuit. After collecting results, we plotted a scatter graph, drawing a line of best fit, we also indicated any anomalies. I took the photo myself Safety When doing our investigation we had to take into consideration the safety aspect, this is because we were using very high temperatures up to 300a c. We used safety goggles to protect our eyes from the heat, and in case of spitting from the water in the preliminary work, to the sand in the main experiment. We also kept or distance from the experiment to protect from heat and spitting just like the goggles. After we’d finished we left the equipment to cool before the technicians to clear away, with a safety sign. We also used heatproof mats so the worktop was protected, as well as this it protected glass or porcelain pieces of equipment from thermo-shock (high to low temperature, very quickly) http://www. amazing1. com/Graphics/oly-lsg-4-1. jpg Obtaining Evidence Before we began our real experiment we carried out preliminary work to find out what was the best was to test the resistance of a wire, or how we could. So we tried using temperature as something that would either increase of decrease the resistance. In our preliminary work we found that the resistance started to change when the temperature exceeded 90a c. However we found that this was a problem because we were using water to heat the coiled wire. Waters boiling point is 100a c so we had to discard the idea and change it. So we used a sand tray as sand has a much higher melting point then water. We also repeated many of the experiments as well as the preliminary work to find out whether or not this was just a case of human error, and that we didn’t need to change the experiment. Also in the temperature experiment we used Copper at first; we then used Nichrome as this has a much higher resistance so the results would not be as high. In my results we identified outliers, and also calculated a mean, or the average for all of the results for the change in length of wire/thickness. In the first experiments for length of wire we didn’t specify a length of time that we were going to measure resistance on the wire for, we just laid the wire on the other wire, however this would have heated the wire giving us less accurate results. I decided to change this by only touching the wire for 2 seconds at every 10cm, allowing enough time to obtain results, but not long enough for the wire to be heated. http://reprap. org/mediawiki/images/9/99/Blunt_step10. jpg Patterns In Results In our results there were many patterns shown, for example as the length of wire increased in the length/ width experiment so did the Resistance of the wire. As well as this as the temperature increased further and further, the resistance of the wire increased as well. These patterns both show that our predictions were correct. However in both of these experiments’ there were a few anomalies. For example lengths 130cm on 28 gauge wire, and 150cm on 36 gauge wire. In the temperature test, temp 140a c and 250a c were anomalies. Conclusion My results show that as the length and the thickness of the wire increased, so did the resistance, which supports what my prediction. This is shown because when the length of wire was 40cm long (28 gauge) the resistance average was 2. 9 ohms, at 100cm the resistance average was 5. 4 ohms and finally at 160cm the resistance average was 7. 9 ohms. This is then supported by the 36 gauge wire, at 40cm the resistance was 9. 2 ohms, at 100cm the resistance was 19. 2 ohms and at 160cm the resistance was 27. 7. This clearly shows that there is an increase in resistance when there is an increase in length. In the temperature experiment my results show that as the temperature increased so did the resistance of the wire, however there were a few anomalies in the experiment. At 100a c the resistance was 1. 5, as the temperature increased to 220a c the resistance was 3, however at 240a c the resistance was 2. 9, this shows an anomaly in the results. After the temperature increase again so did the resistance e.g. at 300a c the resistance was 3. 6 Overall I think that my conclusion supports what I wrote in my prediction. This is because I predicted that as the length/temperature was increased so would the resistance of the wire. My experiments were a success. However if I were to do this again I would repeat each of the experiments more times to eradicate any anomalies that may have occurred through the investigation. Evaluation I think that my investigation went well, this is because my results that I have gathered support what i wrote in my prediction. However they were a few problems in the experiment for example, when we increased the temperature one of the connecting wire began to melt, this was due to the wire been too close to the Bunsen’s flame. This made our experiment short circuit, meaning we had to start the investigation from scratch. Also in our length experiment the wire began to heat higher than we wanted because of the current in the circuit, this could have made our results less accurate. Although the wire may have heated more than we wanted I still believe that the results were very accurate, as we only had 4 outliers in all of our results. I think that the level of accuracy in my results is very high because we repeated each one of the experiments more than once. To increase the level of accuracy in the results I think that if I were to repeat the investigation I would repeat them more than just once; this allows you to eliminate any anomalies that occurred. There were a few anomalies in my experiment these were: 1. 130cm on 28 gauge wire 2. 150cm on 36 gauge wire 3. In the temperature test, temp 140a c and 250a c were anomalies I think the anomalies for the length experiment will have occurred because of human error e. g. not reading the results correctly, or touching the two wires together for too much time, this would cause the wire to heat up, causing a false reading of the resistance. In the temperature experiment, I think the anomalies may have also sprung from the connecting wire becoming too hot, meaning that the resistance would not have been the right reading. As well as this, if the connecting wires touched the side of the sand tray, this would cause the reading to be lower so this may have occurred at some point during the experiment. In the investigation we repeated some of the experiments more than once; this allowed me to make my results more reliable. Also it allowed us to eliminate anomalies. I think that I should have taken more results because I still have anomalies in my results. However I did check if my results were correct by repeating each of the experiments more than once. When I did repeat the experiments the results I got were identical apart from the anomalies which some of them did not occur more than once. This proves that by repeating them it reduced the number of mistakes made. I also think that the range of results I collected was sufficient to give me answers for my prediction and conclusion. If I had to use my results to as evidence to back up my conclusion then I would be very confident. This is because my evidence supported my prediction, and all of the evidence was clear and easy to show in many different ways, whether in a table, bar/line graph or in any other form of data representation. I believe that I could use my results as evidence because it clear, concise and is very easy to understand. Thing that I could do to improve my investigation would be to make sure that there was only one variable (one thing I was changing) and to ensure that all aspects of human error were eliminated before starting the experiments. One further experiment that I would do would be to use a wider range of material for the coil of wire to give me more evidence, such as how the material changes the resistance. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Impact Of Globalisation On The Airline Industry Tourism Essay

Impact Of Globalisation On The Airline Industry Tourism Essay Globalisation Process is been a universal force. Factors contributing to globalization include market, production, culture, labour, technology, environment and regulation. Globalization provides huge potential profits to companies and nations. Air travel is a large and growing industry. Economic growth, world trade, international investment and tourism is been facilitated by Airline Industry. Various improvements regarding the air travel both commercial including government and private airlines have grown. Introduction of a few airlines from Boeing like Boeing 747 have increased the capacity of passengers to carry and have made it affordable for people to travel with luxury and comfort. Improvements and contribution from government has increased the development of resorts and infrastructure to attract lure tourists from the prosperous countries in Western Europe and North America. With the growth of economies of developing countries their own citizens are becoming the new international tourists of the future. The rapid growth of world trade in international direct investment has also contributed to growth in business travel. Worldwide, IATA, International Air Transport Association, forecasts international air travel to grow by an average 6.6% a year to the end of the decade and over 5% a year from 2000 to 2010. Airlines industry has been raised by up to 9% a year and is forecast to continue to grow rapidly, although the recession has hit the market in these years. The main air travel markets of the future will continue to be in and between Europe, North America and Asia in terms of total passenger. Example, Airbus and being the current upcoming airlines in commercial with new technological changes. CURRENT TRENDS: The current trends in India as well as other big players in the market based on the regulations are as follows:- The growth of the airline industry is tree having n number of branches irrespective of private or public sector. There has been 7% growth of air travel per year for both business and leisure purposes which grew strongly worldwide. The Scheduled airlines carried 1.5 billion passengers last year. As far as the leisure market is concerned introduction of Boeing 747 made it convenient and affordable for people to travel for new and exotic destinations. Net operating revenues in the quarter were under $2 billion, a 19% increase has resulted in strong anticipated payments volume, cross border volume and process transaction growth worldwide. Down from 7.4 per cent in 2007 IATA exects a passenger Growth at 5% in 2008. The government have merged the Air India and Indian Airlines into one Airline, which will be taken over other private airlines further as per the market demand. The airlines has low stock with the public, but now that there are a host of private airlines, customers are no longer willing to do so. The result is that the flag carrier has been losing both market share and public goodwill. The investment in the private industry is increasing as these days the public sector is been dominated by the private sector. CURRENT SITUATION: Mergers: Mergers have had a great impact as far as the Indian airline industry is concerned. Mergers have either enhanced the economy growth or have reduced it. As far as Indian market is concerned mergers within the public sector have taken place where by the upcoming results are not satisfactory. Expansion: The expansion has created new options for travellers, but it has not significantly affected Airlines position. For example, Air Canada estimated that it had a 90% share of Canadian travel agency in 2001 and sales and share of 75% seat capacity in the domestic market. After Air Canada gained control of CAI, it became the sole carrier on the majority of the top 200 domestic routes. untitled.bmp Approval of major decision: Unlike the private airlines the approval of civil aviation for major decision concerning the officialdom and the other legal formalities and the well being of the industry and the things accompanying it. Private sector investment: As in many other fields like banking or insurance where government allowed private sector entry, the state-owned entity has suffered on the same scale. Firstly the labour under bureaucratic procedures has result in long-delays in operational matters like purchase of aircraft, choice of routes, and sale of bilateral. Profits jump from 40% -50% as far as sales are concerned. OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS The opportunities and threats basically imply the various opportunities that the airline industry is facing and going through whereas, the threats imply the rivalry, the new entrance and substitutes which in turn illustrates the way the progress of the industry or the business is going. Airlines and the allocation and maintenance cost. The airlines are one big industry with huge cost and investment where the allocation cost and the maintenance cost servers as the major factors for the industry. The cost as per as the price is concerned fluctuating market prices are a big threat to the airline industry as ression hits this area and the economy downfall would cut down on the financial part of the airlines to fit the things as per their budget. Like most other industries at this stage, airlines have not been immune to the global economic downfall. At the end of 2008 cargo traffic bottomed out, posting a dismal 25% may decline. Many airlines, particularly in the U.S., responded with aggressive capacity adjustments and an four quarter loss was served. The number of aircraft taken out of service exceeded the number of new aircraft delivered in the end of the year 2008. The expansion of fleets, which forced the airlines to drastically reduce capacity by cutting both flight frequencies and uneconomic routes. Adding to the weak aircraft utilization, defined as the percentage of revenue ton-miles divided into available ton-miles, resulting in disastrous fall in yield by 20%. Though 2009 contained high economies for the airline industry. International cargo traffic improved by 12% over from 2009 till present. Rising demand, shrinking capacity It includes two type of demand namely, the requirement for the flights are high by the passengers but the airlines having their flights are very less as compared to the demand. Due to the economy downfall the visa versa is happing a lot these days. The current ample space available onboard for most aircraft is quite less, though the capacity has been cut out. The market of airlines industry is expected to grow at 13%, and continue to grow at a progressive rate till 2012 as can be predicted. Regulatory pressure There is also increased awareness by industry and additional scrutiny given by FDA and other national regulatory bodies. The Regulations as per the government as to the directions and ways are still pressure and intervention from the private airlines. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND ITS EFFECT: The response of government to various issues as faced by the airlines industry and the way the it affected the economy: Strikes: The strikes have been faced a lot when it comes to the airlines industry. As per the recent records to the policies given by the government of removal of workers from jet airways in India due to the recession crisis created a strike problem. As there was over staffing of employees jet decided to remove a few employees. Being private airlines the workers could not make a change in the decision and hence ended up with a strike. Finally government took a stand and the process was stopped accordingly. Conflicts: The conflict between airlines and the airlines with the government has many aspects relating to it. As Boeing 737-800 less than two minutes after take-off crashed on May 5, 2007 in the midst of a thunderstorm, but the report said poor weather or mechanical error and the government had nothing to do with it. Kenya Airways is hence fighting against Ethiopia Airlines, Fly540 as well as South African Airlines for control of Africas airspace with safety. The government thus came forward with it and a better management of its weather forecast and other aspects were asked to take care off. Also, Sahara and Jet airways were supposedly to become rivals as Sahara wanted to take over Jet but without having any liability. Hence, the later was taken an off as the deal did not crack out. Taxes: The government imposes several taxes as far as airlines industry is concerned. The tax starts from the upbringing of these airlines in various sectors. Thus, the government has imposed passengers tax for about landing in international airports. Thus an increase in the taxes has a negative impact on the economy though nothing can be done in this context, lest the price is increased considerably. Turnover: The turnover for the airline industry has been quite a subjective matter as in the past two years the economic downfall has removed many employees from their respective jobs, though government airlines are still not under the amount of pressure as per the private ones but a cut down in a salary is the problem they face. The growth in terms of the GDP has been progressing in the airline industry. They differ from country to country. As the highest GDP forecast is for Qatar Airways, Briatin and the least for Iceland. The industry is one with huge investment and huge outcome resulting in dominating a major portion of the economic industry. gdp_growth2009.gif Mergers: The mergers that include the contract between two companies or industries under the same footnote to come and serve as one influencing the other or improving the current scenario. The government are many times in support of the mergers depending upon the situation and the outcome of the merger. Currently as far as India is concerned the merger or takeover of the government airlines by a private one is been talked about. As the situation of Air India these days is been going verse as not sufficient airplanes to carry and Boeing have certain destinations and areas as per the government rule as to where the flights can operate and others. Hence, the government will cooperate if the mergers are for the well being of the economy else it will be of no benefits for the other. Findings: The expansion of the airline industry is on hype. The growth of the airline industry is having a positive impact on the economy as they in turn are the inflow of cash for various other activities. In general for the airline industry are to be meet when a decision concerning the same is been taken into consideration. As the civil flying standards are to be meet. The current trends or recession has hit the airline industry to a less extent as compared to the others. And hence, it still serves its purpose and is least affected by the economic downfall, effect was seen only on the initial stages where a lot of flights were cut down and those relating to the less economic places had no longer flight schedules. Difficulty is faced when a new player gets into the airline industry due to huge infrastructure and much because of the government rules and policies. Once the airline industry requires huge some of investment as well as a favourable balance to carry out the rest. Private sector has been dominating the airlines and future can be seen as the private players are the market leaders and the government intervention has been quite reduced. New techniques of constant improvement as far as the technical aspect of airlines is concerned and Boeing has made a few major changes in its airlines and technology has been improved for the better. Constant updating for comfort and luxury are taking the upmost priority and the cost are been kept into the budget of the current public scenario. Highly complicated set off recruitments and processes for talking the employees have been faced as far as the private airlines are concerned and government strictness over the official commercial airlines too have maximised. Cut throat competition have been faced with in the several companies of airlines, where by options for talking over the other is been the best outcome to reduce the competition. RECOMENDATION The regulations pertaining to the airline industry are quite transparent and need less scope of improvement. The target market should soon hit the lower income groups as well though efforts are been done for the same but not internationally. As per the flights schedules, weather and other environmental factor the frequency of flights should be increased. Negotiate long-term contracts with service providers to lock-in incremental fees and surcharges as such. Evaluate the feasibility of ocean freight and for some portion of international deliveries which hold importance. Establish and develop high Quality Agreements between appropriate stakeholders Develop a Plan B which means to hit the target market and serves the industry well. Further scope of improvement from the government of motivating the online booking strategy. Government intervention should be slightly reduced and proper taxes should be charged and reviewed. Strengthen and change the impact and regulation wherever necessary.

The Impact of Truth in Oedipus Rex (the King) Essay -- Oedipus the Kin

The Impact of Truth in Oedipus Rex (the King) "Truth has made me strong." This is a quote from Tiresias, one of the characters in Sophocles's tragedy, Oedipus Rex. The quote has different meaning and relevance for each of the different characters, but for the character of Creon, the quote is completely true. By the end of the play, the truth had not only prompted Oedipus to forgive Creon, clearing his name of any previous accusations, but the truth had also made Creon Oedipus's successor. However, Creon was not one to squander the power that he knew can be gained from knowing the truth. He understood its power and importance, and kept it private. For the majority of the play, right up until the very end, Oedipus sees Creon as an enemy. He thinks that Creon, in league with Tiresias, is Laius's murderer and is conspiring to overthrow the king and take the throne for himself, "You the murderer so self-proved, the self-condemned filcher of my thrown..."(29). However, when the truth comes out that Oedipus has married his mother and killed his father, all is forgiven between the king and Creon. Oedipus makes this beautifully clear when he says "God bless you, Creon, bless your path through life, encompass you with surer joys than mine"(78). Having a good and unmarred reputation is a form of power in that people will respect the person, as well as listen to what he or she has to say. If the truth had never come out and Oedipus had never made peace with Creon, Creon's reputation would have been that of a traitor and a murderer. No one would have respected him and he would not have had any practical strength. The power that Creon ended up with is best described in this quote from the Chorus: "Wait! Here comes Creon...... ...ly saw the world. For the first time, he understands his surroundings, and understands the world for what it really was. Even though the truth takes away his family, kingdom, pride and possessions, the truth gives him something he needs more than all of those: understanding. Sophocles shows his brilliance as a playwright by adding intelligent, terrible irony to the end of the play. The irony is that at the monumental change in Oedipus' life, when he can, for the first time, see the world with clarity, he can see nothing at all, for he blinds himself. Oedipus becomes like Tiresias, visually blind, but mentally clear. Perhaps Oedipus unintentionally takes an example from Tiresias, learning that it is far better to live one's life without sight and see the world clearly through the minds eye, than to be able to see, but have ones sight blinded by pride.

Phobias Essay -- essays research papers

Everyone knows that everyone is afraid of something. Everyone recognizes that phobias are not something to be ashamed of, and that everyone has at least one. But what exactly is a phobia? Simply put, it’s an anxiety disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The exact definition of a phobia is a bit different though. A phobia is an anxiety disorder in which a person will experience a strong, irrational fear of a situation, object, or activity. Adults with fears usually realize they are being irrational, but children are the opposite. A phobia will produce a feeling of anxiety that will range anywhere from mild, to downright severe. People with mild symptoms don’t usually worry about it too much because it doesn’t interfere with their day to day activities. People with a severe phobia, however, sometimes have no choice than to seek help. Some phobias, if left un-dealt with, can become so severe that the person won’t even leave their bed. There are three main types of phobias. The first is Agoraphobia. Agoraphobia is a fear of public places. With this fear comes the feeling that the person is trapped or fears having a panic attack in public. The second type of phobia is Social phobia. Social phobia is the fear of social situations or performing in public. When people have this fear, they may be embarrassed by symptoms of having a panic attack or anxiety. A good example of this type of phobia is people who don’t like public speaking. This would be due to mild social phobia (or major, depending how badly you hate it). The final category of phobia is a Specific phobia. This is a very broad category and covers many things. The basic definition of it is it’s the fear of specific objects, places, situations, or activities. The fear is usually driven by fear of harms way. Someone who is experiencing this may get some side affects of losing any emotional control, and possibly even physical control.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phobias are very common. Nearly 25 million people suffer from a serious phobia sometime in their life. Agoraphobia is the most common type of phobia. Around 60% of people who seek help for phobias are there for agoraphobia. 50% of the people who get treated for this are women. Social phobia occurs in both men and women about equally. It occurs is about 2% of the population. When it comes to specific phobias, they are usually outgrown by adultho... ...ns. The main importance with the treatment of this phobia though, is that the patient avoid any abusive drugs or alcohol. If they turn to those for help, it is very difficult for doctors to cure them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patients that have specific phobias are treated in three main ways, just like the other two. These ways are medication, progressive desensitization, and exposure. Exposure is by far the most important factor in curing someone with a specific phobia. People with specific phobias are often afraid of things that will usually do them no harm, such as snakes or spiders. If patients want to get treated fast and effectively, they need to start exposing themselves to the variable that gives them fear. The quicker they do this, the faster they will be cured.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone one this planet will have a fear of something at some point in their lifetime. For some it may be simple flies or bees. Others it may be lions or alligators. And for some it can impair their everyday lifestyle, such as the people with social phobia and agoraphobia. Phobias come in all different degrees in every person, and are a quite interesting if you look into them. Phobias Essay -- essays research papers Everyone knows that everyone is afraid of something. Everyone recognizes that phobias are not something to be ashamed of, and that everyone has at least one. But what exactly is a phobia? Simply put, it’s an anxiety disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The exact definition of a phobia is a bit different though. A phobia is an anxiety disorder in which a person will experience a strong, irrational fear of a situation, object, or activity. Adults with fears usually realize they are being irrational, but children are the opposite. A phobia will produce a feeling of anxiety that will range anywhere from mild, to downright severe. People with mild symptoms don’t usually worry about it too much because it doesn’t interfere with their day to day activities. People with a severe phobia, however, sometimes have no choice than to seek help. Some phobias, if left un-dealt with, can become so severe that the person won’t even leave their bed. There are three main types of phobias. The first is Agoraphobia. Agoraphobia is a fear of public places. With this fear comes the feeling that the person is trapped or fears having a panic attack in public. The second type of phobia is Social phobia. Social phobia is the fear of social situations or performing in public. When people have this fear, they may be embarrassed by symptoms of having a panic attack or anxiety. A good example of this type of phobia is people who don’t like public speaking. This would be due to mild social phobia (or major, depending how badly you hate it). The final category of phobia is a Specific phobia. This is a very broad category and covers many things. The basic definition of it is it’s the fear of specific objects, places, situations, or activities. The fear is usually driven by fear of harms way. Someone who is experiencing this may get some side affects of losing any emotional control, and possibly even physical control.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phobias are very common. Nearly 25 million people suffer from a serious phobia sometime in their life. Agoraphobia is the most common type of phobia. Around 60% of people who seek help for phobias are there for agoraphobia. 50% of the people who get treated for this are women. Social phobia occurs in both men and women about equally. It occurs is about 2% of the population. When it comes to specific phobias, they are usually outgrown by adultho... ...ns. The main importance with the treatment of this phobia though, is that the patient avoid any abusive drugs or alcohol. If they turn to those for help, it is very difficult for doctors to cure them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patients that have specific phobias are treated in three main ways, just like the other two. These ways are medication, progressive desensitization, and exposure. Exposure is by far the most important factor in curing someone with a specific phobia. People with specific phobias are often afraid of things that will usually do them no harm, such as snakes or spiders. If patients want to get treated fast and effectively, they need to start exposing themselves to the variable that gives them fear. The quicker they do this, the faster they will be cured.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone one this planet will have a fear of something at some point in their lifetime. For some it may be simple flies or bees. Others it may be lions or alligators. And for some it can impair their everyday lifestyle, such as the people with social phobia and agoraphobia. Phobias come in all different degrees in every person, and are a quite interesting if you look into them.

Enki Bilal’s Perspective on Art in Hatzfeld

Marshal Josip Broz Tito was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman, serving in various roles until his death in 1980. Eventhough his presidency has been critisized as authoritarian, Tito had successful economic and diplomatic policies which helped him to be considered as a benevolent dictator by many people including citizens of his own country and those of others. He was a relatively popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad. Tito had internal policies which successfully deal with coexistence of the nations of the Yugoslav federation.The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (otherwise known as SFRY) was the Yugoslav state founded during World War II until it was dissolved in 1992, following the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Initially siding with the Eastern bloc under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito at the beginning of the Cold War, Yugoslavia pursued a policy of neutrality after the Tito–Stalin split of 1948, and became one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement.After the death of Tito in 1980, rising ethnic nationalism in the late 1980's led to dissidence among the multiple ethnicities within the constituent republics, followed by collapse of inter-republic talks on transformation of the country and recognition of their independence by some European states in 1991. This led to the country collapsing on ethnic lines, followed by the final downfall and break of the country in 1992, and the start of the Yugoslav Wars.Often described as Europe's deadliest conflict since World War II, the conflicts have become famous for the war crimes, including mass murder, genocide and war rape. These were the first conflicts since World War II to be formally judged genocidal in character. According to the International Center for Transitional Justice, the Yugoslav Wars resulted in the deaths of 140,000 people. The Humanitarian Law Center writes that in the conflicts in former Yugoslav republics at least 130,000 people lost their lives.War rape occurred as a matter of official orders as part of ethnic cleansing, to displace the targeted ethnic group. One of the common misconceptions about the Yugoslav Wars is that they were the result of centuries of ethnic conflict. In fact, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the ethnically mixed region of Dalmatia held close and amicable relations between the Croats and Serbs who lived there, and many early proponents of a united Yugoslavia came from this region, such as Dalmatian Croat Ante Trumbic.However by the time of the outbreak of the Yugoslav Wars the historical hospitable relations between Croats and Serbs in Dalmatia had broken down, with Dalmatian Serbs fighting on the side of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. Clear ethnic conflict between the Yugoslav peoples only became prominent in the 20th century, beginning with tensions o ver the constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in the early 1920s and escalating into violence between Serbs and Croats in the late 1920s after the assassination of Croatian nationalist Stjepan Radic.Severe ethnic conflict occurred during World War II during which the Croatian Ustase movement committed genocide against Serbs, while the Serbian Chetnik movement responded with reprisals against Croats as well as murdering Bosniaks. However the Yugoslav Partisan movement was able to appeal to all national groups, including Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks. Josip Broz Tito was half-Croat half-Slovene. Born Enes Bilalovic in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, to a Slovakian mother and a Bosniak father who had been Josip Broz Tito's tailor, Enki Bilal moved to Paris at the age of 9.Given all these historical informations, what can be said on Enki Bilal's perspective on art? Hatzfeld, a tetralogy deeling with the difficult past and the break up of Yugoslavia from a future point of view ca n help the reader to find an answer to that question. But first of all, what is art? Art is a diverse range of human activities and the products of those activities; the visual arts includes the creation of images or objects in fields including painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences, but in modern usage the fine arts, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, are distinguished from acquired skills in general, and the decorative or applied arts. (Wikipedia) According to Levi-Strauss, art has had a great number of different functions throughout its history, making its purpose difficult to abstract or quantify to any single concept. This does not mean that the purpose of art is â€Å"vague†, but that it has had many different reasons for being created.The different purposes of art may be grouped according to those that are non-motivat ed, and those that are motivated. Motivated purposes of art refer to intentional, conscious actions on the part of the artist. Some of these functions may be as following: The Avante-Garde: Art for political change. One of the defining functions of early twentieth century art has been to use visual images to bring about political change. Art movements that had this goal—Dadaism, Surrealism, Russian Constructivism, and Abstract Expressionism, among others—are collectively referred to as the avante-garde arts.Art for social inquiry, subversion and/or anarchy: While similar to art for political change, subversive or deconstructivist art may seek to question aspects of society without any specific political goal. In this case, the function of art may be simply to criticize some aspect of society. (Wikipedia) Bilal seem to question what art is and its practice at the end of 20th century. In the second book of the tetralogy, 32 Decembre, on page 9, Nike and his so-called gir l friend receieve an invitation to a party in the form of nuclear light.The invitation appears as a small nuclear explosion, this is a fascinating visual little show but the amount of effort made is certainly unnecessary. It is absurd and pointless. This is an all white party. People who are participating are literally coloured in white. Again a detail Nike thinks that it is absurd. On page 18, Nike finds out that him and the other people who are at the party are actually walking on a white canvas. This puts them in a situation where they are nothing but the art work, they are objects but not subjects.He finds this absurd as well and he does not like it. After a while, it becomes obvious that whatever he or other people at this party are doing there, it is to create and to be part of an art work. This fact is hard to deal with. Warhole, evil and powerful scientist of the first book gets some artistic spirit in the second book of the tetralogy. His starts to consider his new evil pro jects as art works. He also reancarnates himself as the v. g. a. (very great artist) Halrowe. Art is depicted as dangerous in the second book.The story itself becomes more postmedern in that second part. Surreal events and images start to appear more and more, one of them being the head of the Warhole ehich has fishes all around. Warhole is saying things like â€Å"search for power and the joy of creating†. He is pictured as a crazy dangerous artist-scientist. He is calling what he does â€Å"absolute evil art†. Bilal is questioning what does art mean when it is separated from its social context. At the beginning of the first book, he is making a referral to Abdullah Sidran, a Bosnian playwriter†¦