Investigation into temperature change Essay

Introduction. The following is an experiment into temperature change in an exothermic reaction taking place between Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and also how the concentration of the acid will vary these results. The characteristics of the reaction feature a neutralisation, an energy change (shown as a temperature change) that is usually exothermic (gives out heat). The reaction of neutralisation is exothermic because of the bonds being broken and made in the reaction. When bonds are broken, energy in those bonds are taken in, and in this case, are noted as a temperature change, the temperature increasing. If it were an endothermic reaction, the temperature would lower, because the reaction is using up more energy breaking the bonds, this is noted and a temperature change, this time, showing how temperature decreases. The acid and alkali compounds dissolve into water, acid into hydrogen ions, and alkali in hydroxide ions. Neutralisation with hydrogen and a hydroxide, at the end, the product is water (also with left over sodium chloride). There is energy released in kilojoules when a reaction takes place. The main aim is testing the effect of different concentrations and the effect it has on temperature. Variables. To make this test fair, we must only change one variable, that being the concentration of the hydrochloric acid, but we must also make sure, that the alkali concentration is constant. Also, for the sake of fair testing, the room temperature must stay the same, as is will vary results greatly on day to the next. Trial run. The trail run was to determine a number of details; The first, being the correct ratio of concentration, what I mean to say is, how many cubic centimetres the solution of acid and water will vary each time we do the experiment. We have decided to each time, keep the volume constant at 25cm cubed, but diluting the acid by 5cm cubed each time. Also, we decided that the use of polystyrene insulation was not needed as in the trail run; it had no real effect on the end temperature. Apparatus. The following is a list of apparatus we used with the experiment: 1) Burette 2) Measuring cylinder X 2 (0-50cm3) 3) Digital thermometer (with a temp range of -50 degrees Celsius to 150 degrees Celsius.) 4) Beaker Safety. Within safety, basic labs rules apply, these include, clear workstations and no loose clothing, but special safety rules must be out in place for this, as the use of acids and alkalis, safety goggles need to be worn. Step by step plan. First, gather up all equipment needed in experiment, then, measure volumes and concentrations that are needed in the experiment. Then, record the start temperature, after that, mix together the acid and alkali in the beaker, and wait until its peak temperature, then record it. Repeat this three times in order to check for reliability. Use exact guidelines on this to repeat experiment for different concentrations. Accuracy. In accuracy, we use the preset variables we also make sure that volumes and concentration are constant and accurate. Prediction. My prediction of what will happen is that when the acid is added to the alkali, the reaction will cause the temperature to go up, but with each concentration the temperature rise will go up, but not to the same extent of what is was beforehand. This prediction was come to with collision theory in mind; the double the temperature the double the amount of successful collisions, meaning double amount of heat being given off. Once the acid is in excess there will be no further temperature rise. Results Table Conclusion In conclusion, I conclude that my graph follows the directly proportional trend because the science in my prediction was correct (higher temperature, more collisions, more heat given off). This shows my prediction was correct, and that all the science within this experiment in. Evaluation My repeats in the experiment were close, and that would mean that they were, and still are reliable. Also, within these repeats there were no anomalous  results, this again showing a well carried out experiment. My method worked extremely well, and I feel it is the best possible method to use in further experiments. But if needs be to change the experiment in some way, perhaps difference in the concentration of the alkali instead of the acid, may alter the results in someway. Even the use of either more controlled conditions or different insulation is something to look into. Choosing another variable to control is also a feasible option.

Companies with low on diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Companies with low on diversity - Research Paper Example There is a realization that diversity can be a source of immense creativity and innovation. In the new light, American companies are doing their best to embrace and harness the value of diversity in all their aspects. This paper will explore ways in which these companies are embracing diversity. It will also highlight companies that are leading in embracing diversity as well those lagging behind. An understanding of the American diversity is crucial (Johnson 9). The workforce comprises Whites, African American, Hispanics, Latinos, Indians, Asians, and Africans. The Whites form the majority while the others are the minority groups. From a different angle, the minority group also includes women, and all disabled people. The American people are adherents of different religions (Wuthnow 130). The society has varying cultures and belief systems. The people grow up in different backgrounds and neighborhoods. The American society is greatly diverse. In addition, each individual has a unique personality and abilities. For companies, embracing diversity means more. Most of the companies are operating on a global front. Their markets are from different races and backgrounds. A good example is McDonalds that operates in many regions of the world (Harris 6). They realize the need to satisfy their clients. One of the strategies of survival has been to recruit a heterogeneous workforce. Such a workforce is a representation of the society. This workforce produces ideas that can address the needs of the market (Harris 58). In this sense, diversity results in innovation. Most of the companies who understand the need for diversity have a diversity officer in place. This officer ensures that the company maintains diversity and inclusion at all levels. Companies are working hard to ensure that there is inclusion in all offices and departments. Most of the companies are proving gender sensitive. A remarkable percentage of women sits in boards in many companies and indulges actively in decision-making and formulating practices at the workplace. Appreciating diversity in the American society has not been an easy venture. There are numerous challenges and the companies need to have a great deal of commitment. Such commitment drives the companies to lay down strategies that can help the company improve in appreciating diversity. Many of the companies have made remarkable progress in embracing diversity.

Economic crisis and consumer financing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Economic crisis and consumer financing - Essay Example This dissertation examines various assertions about the ways in which financial crisis affects the economic system as a whole, and discuss about the claims and misconceptions associated with it. Moreover, we delineate the under-appreciated actualities regarding how the economic system transitions the funds between the house-holds as well as the corporate businesses (Chari et al, 2008). Traditional assessments of the economic crisis centralize their evaluation on interest rate spreads and hence, it can be argued that such investigations may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the actual cost of borrowing, thereby, investigation about the fact that, throughout the financial crises, changes in the decrees of nominal interest rates tend to result in appreciable conclusions and inferences regarding the changes in the actual prices of loans. Also, we talk about the fact that even if the present augmentation in spreads signal increases in the stakes of the outlined strategies, these inc rements do not essentially signal the requirement for substantial governmental involvement. Hence, we require policy-makers to explain about the specific characteristics of the market failure as adjudicated by them, so as to present solid confirmation which discriminates their outlook of the statistics from other views which would no call for such involvement, along with sharing with the community the rationalities and confirmations which polish the case that the meticulous involvement they support will resolve such market collapse (Chari et al, 2008). Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Methodology 4. Findings/ Discussions 5. Conclusions Bibliography 1. Introduction With the economic sectors still hemorrhaging in developed nations, the policy-makers in developing countries are precisely discoursing over the impact of the crisis on their economic sectors and nations (Maimbo, 2008). Traditional wisdom up till now has proposed that they have quite less to be anxious about as it is argued that the communication mechanisms between the financial systems of various countries often appear to be susceptible and weak which tends to minimize the influence on the calamities. Financial institutions of developing countries are not depicted to the stakes that originate to the stakes emerging from complicated tools in global financial market-places for the reason that in many parts of the world, most banks are reliant on the deposits for funding their loan collections. Moreover, other problems include the limited infrastructure of inter-bank market, small or fictional market for securitized or unoriginal implements, and also the fact that few are reliant on ove rseas borrowing for funding their lending functions (Maimbo, 2008). Exemptions to such a position are then made for developing countries which are viewed as possessing significant communication m

What constitutes the Neo in Neorealism Is Neorealism an improvement on Essay

What constitutes the Neo in Neorealism Is Neorealism an improvement on traditional realism - Essay Example realism and neorealism in the light of artistic visual products such as paintings, drawings and film highlighting common aspects in philosophy and material use. In defining whether neorealism is an improvement of traditional realism close connection between uses of material, utilization of light and shadow to create realistic perception and conceptualization. Political neutralism has also been discussed highlighting ideological differences with traditional realism. Realism can be traced back to events in the 5th century when it was used reliably to chronicle and predict international relations (Crawford, 2000, p. 10-256). Recent developments such as globalization and economic warfare have made the world more complex redefining issues of interest. Politically there are five core premises of realism and neorealism. The central philosophies address causes of war and condition of peace (Crawford, 2000, p. 10-256). Realism holds that selfish interest in every person is the basis of conflict between nations which are collective platform of individualistic interest with each nation defending its interest. Power is the only negotiating factor in realism (Crawford, 2000, p. 10-256). Neorealism holds that lack of a formal global political system creates anarchic situation where nations feel perpetually threatened by others (Crawford, 2000, p. 10-256). To protect their interest each nation develops its central system that endeavors to protect its existen ce. System structure is necessary explanation depicting international system as a self-help system formed on the basis on security dilemma and powerful incentive for arms-races. Power and security are the central factors in neo-realism (Crawford, 2000, p. 10-256). Central actors are geographical regions defined as states which peruse their interest of autonomy, independence, security, survival, power, relative capabilities and positionality. Realism is based on inductive knowledge from history while neorealism is deductive

Portrait of a Family Member Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portrait of a Family Member - Personal Statement Example Though the initial shock and grief we (the rest of the family) felt was tremendous but we thought that being a kid he just got misled and smoked out of peer pressure or just simple curiosity. Simple guidance persuasion was what was requires or so we thought. This was not to be so. This initial attraction towards cigarettes slowly turned into infatuation and finally became an addiction. One day when I was preparing to go out to a party at a friend's place, I found out that my necklace was missing. This necklace was given to me as a birthday gift from one of my friends and so it was obviously quite precious to me. I nearly 'ransacked' the whole house but could not find it. Just recently John had started going out with a new girl. Our parents were off to an official dinner of dad's. John had invited (in fact brought) his girlfriend over to our place. I just happened to linger downstairs during my search for the lost necklace it was then that I incidentally glimpsed at the couple sitting near the television. It was then that it struck me; there it was right in front of my very eyes the necklace that I was searching for was around John's girlfriends. There was no mistaking it, and just to make sure I went around and started small talk with the girl. My eyes were on the necklace during the whole time and I was ready to bet it was my necklace. So the necklace had never b een in the home in the first place. As it had turned out my birthday present was now a partnership gift of my brother's girlfriend. With the passage of time and as John grew older (I guess he had reached tenth grade by then) John was progressing into a spoilt brat. Sleeping by daytime, skipping/bunking school, and partying all night. As the only possible evident solution available to my parents they stopped giving John his fixed monthly pocket money. This ought to have stopped or at least reduced his frequency of partying out but to our surprise that did not happen in fact it seemed that this shortage of cash didn't even bother him in the least. It was on excursions to the local market (which my mother frequents often by the way) that it came to her notice she was coming across a lot of similar artifacts/jewelry in the nearby shops lately. It took only a few days for her to realize that many of her precious items such as wedding gifts and even some jewelry were no where to be found on closer inspection it dawned upon my mother that those items that we saw in the local market were none other then mother's. The sec ret source of John's relative freedom from shortage of cash all came into perspective as well. Apart from the mental and psychological shock this event caused to our family it also proved to be a financial shock as my mother had to buy all the back from the market. Things took a turn for the worse when John entered into high school. Instead of growing mature with the passage of time John was going from bad to worse. Somehow he ended up in a group of guys (whom he rather preferred to call friends) who were a small time gang. Yes! John had turned into a small time gangster. I still don't believe myself as I write these lines that a cute lovely little

Olympics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Olympics - Essay Example It has been seen that the countries compete with each other in order to win the chance of hosting the Olympics and in this way as has been seen the countries or the cities who win the chance to host the Olympics are the ones who show off their potential to host the event as well as their true hospitality to the audience who attend the event. These are viewed by billions and this is the one that creates opportunities for the business entities. Thereby the products are the ones that reach billions of people in a matter of minutes and it has been linked with the higher sales within the time period of Olympics (Masteralexis 22). In this case it has been seen that the main disadvantage that has been noticed that the products marketing during the Olympics are not long lived and they are not found to be too effective and thereby it can be said that the advertisements in the Olympics may gain a lot of votes but they are not found to be cost effective. ... Technology can be the way by which the businesses can be run in a smooth manner. There are technologies that can be applied and used in various modes within the businesses as the supply chain management, logistics management which can be done with the help of the latest software that can keep track of the best available suppliers as well as the constant communiqu with these suppliers is made sure. Logistics and the supply chain management are the key parts of a business that can ensure success only if it is managed in a proper manner. In addition this, the technologies can be applied in marketing the products in a best possible manner (Shilbury 22). Innovation is the one main fact that has been realized to be of utmost importance in the market and this is the principle that has been helping the businesses in attaining the greater number of sales and the sales volume in the local as well as the international market. Changes and the innovations can be helpful in defining newer strategies for the product manufacturing as well as the marketing. The pains that are being faced by the businesses being run without any changes is the discarding of the unpopular and stagnant products being produced. Innovations in the products can, initially prove to be costly, but in the long run, these are the innovations that can be providing the success that is needed by the business (Jana 2). Conclusion Olympics are an event in which nations are the ones that compete in a vigorous manner to get a place in the competition. Billions of people are the audience to this events and this is an audience which is reached by the business entities in order to market their product. Works cited Jana, Reena., Balfour, Frederik.,

Qs (Organizational behavior ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Qs (Organizational behavior ) - Essay Example This forces such groups to undertake large risks that may result in failures such as the Challenger disaster in 1986. Also, such groups tend to forego warnings collectively since they hold that their group is unquestionably right in its decisions without any real need for an analysis of consequences. Other groups are seen as being controlled by leaders that are enemies of the groupthink group. This promotes a hostile environment since negotiations and other amicable means of settlement are off the table leading to wasted time at defeating the other group. Members who tend to question the stereotypical group environment are pressurised since this is seen as a sign of betrayal from the group’s cohesive environment. 2. Describe, discuss, and give examples of the various stages of group development. Groups develop using four stages that are (1) common recognition (2) communication and taking decisions (3) impetus and output and (4) management and organisation. In the first stage, the group members interact with each other on various issues in order to gauge each other opinions in order to build a common image. In the next stage, group members collectively communicate together in order to make decisions to benefit the group overall. Thirdly, groups are motivated enough to become productive as a whole since group members know their roles and responsibilities and how to deliver in the existing environment. Lastly, groups begin to assign roles and responsibilities on criteria of achieving results and perform corrective measures to enhance productivity. 3. Which types of teams discussed in Chapter 10 could successfully operate as virtual teams? Provide support for your answer. Quality circles, problem solving teams and product development teams could successfully operate as virtual teams. Quality circles need to meet at intervals in order to monitor performance using statistics derived from the physical workplaces. On the other hand, problem solving teams need to come together only when problems arise. Given that the problem may require interaction from various areas, a problem solving team may require by design to be a virtual team. Product development teams are formed at differing horizontal and vertical levels and require constant interaction from various locations such as the manufacturing floor, the corporate head office etc. so using virtual teams is preferable. 4. Discuss and give examples of the opportunities and challenges of communicating across international cultures. Communication across international culture opens up new possibilities for trade, commerce and business as well as providing new learning areas. A business can avail a number of new different opportunities through cross cultural communication to enhance organisational aims and objectives. However, communication between cultures is also problematic since various cultures have different expectations and structures. This presents a large number of problems that must be scaled in order to allow cross cultural communication. Language is the primary barrier followed by expectations on how a business is organised. For example, a Japanese salesman may require input from superiors before making decisions while an American salesman may initiate a sale himself. 5. Describe, discuss, and give examples of the ways that the source and the receiver can improve the communication process. The first and foremost issue of importance is language. The sending and the receiving ends should mutually agree to a language that